Broncoscopia flexível como primeira opção para a remoção de corpo estranho das vias aéreas em adultos / Flexible bronchoscopy as the first-choice method of removing foreign bodies from the airways of adults

OBJETIVO: Determinar a taxa de sucesso da broncoscopia flexível como primeira opção na remoção de corpos estranhos das vias aéreas em adultos. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de todos os pacientes adultos (acima de 18 anos) com aspiração de corpo estranho submetidos a broncoscopia no Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, em São Paulo (SP). RESULTADOS: A amostra foi constituída por 40 pacientes adultos, com média de idade de 52 anos (variação: 18-88 anos). A mediana do tempo de permanência do corpo estranho na via aérea foi de 15 dias (variação: 12 h a 10 anos). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos primeiramente a broncoscopia flexível diagnóstica. A retirada do corpo estranho por meio de broncoscopia flexível foi bem-sucedida em 33 dos pacientes (82,5%). Em 1 paciente, um objeto metálico alojado na árvore brônquica distal requereu o uso de fluoroscopia. Seis pacientes (15%) foram submetidos a broncoscopia rígida devido a dispneia induzida por corpo estranho traqueal, em 2, e porque o corpo estranho era muito grande para as pinças flexíveis, em 4. A broncoscopia falhou em apenas 1 paciente, que portanto necessitou de broncotomia. CONCLUSÕES: Embora a broncoscopia rígida seja considerada o padrão ouro na remoção de corpos estranhos na via aérea, nossa experiência mostrou que a broncoscopia flexível pode ser utilizada segura e eficientemente no diagnóstico e tratamento de pacientes adultos estáveis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the success rate of flexible bronchoscopy as the first-choice method of removing foreign bodies from the airways of adults. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of all adult patients (over 18 years of age) with foreign body aspiration submitted to bronchoscopy between January of 2009 and January of 2011 at the University of São Paulo School of Medicine Hospital das Clínicas, located in São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS: The study sample comprised 40 adult patients, with a mean age of 52 years (range, 18-88 years). The median time of permanence of the foreign body in the airway was 15 days (range, 12 h to 10 years). All of the patients first underwent diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy. Foreign bodies were successfully removed with flexible bronchoscopy in 33 (82.5%) of the patients. In 1 patient, a metal object lodged in the distal bronchial tree required the use of fluoroscopy. Six patients (15%) required rigid bronchoscopy due to tracheal foreign body-induced dyspnea, in 2, and because the foreign body was too large for the flexible forceps, in 4. Bronchoscopy failed in 1 patient, who therefore required surgical bronchotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Although rigid bronchoscopy is considered the gold standard for the removal of foreign bodies from the airways, our experience showed that flexible bronchoscopy can be safely and effectively used in the diagnosis and treatment of stable adult patients.

Gastrostomia endoscópica percutânea: análise de 31 pacientes do Hospital Governador Celso Ramos / Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: analisys of 31 patients on Governador Celso Ramos Hospital

Objetivos: Descrever, analisar e avaliar as gastrostomias endoscópicaspercutâneas realizadas no serviço de endoscopia do Hospital Governador Celso Ramos / Santa Catarina de outubro de 2006 até agosto de 2007.Materiais e Métodos Foram realizadas 31 gastrostomias endoscópicas percutâneas pela técnica de tração (pull technique), descrita em 1981 por Ponsky e Gauderer, com o aparelhode endoscopia Olympus Evis Exera CLV 160 e kits de gastrostomia endoscópica percutânea fornecidos pela Kimberly-Clark® e BARD Acess System®. Todos ospacientes receberam antibioticoprofilaxia. Resultados 14 (45,2%) pacientes do sexo masculino e 17 (54,8%) do sexo feminino, com idade variando entre 16 e 94 anos(média de 65,74 anos). Acidente vascular encefálico foi a principal indicação do método, com 17 (54,8%) casos. A duração do procedimento variou entre 4 e 14 minutos (média de 7 minutos e 3 segundos). Não ocorreram complicações imediatas. Verificou-se infecção local em 1 (3,2%) paciente, infecção local e extravasamento doconteúdo gástrico em outro (3,2%), um (3,2%) caso de migração do anteparo interno gástrico e tração excessivada sonda pelo paciente com retirada inadvertida da mesma em outro (3,2%). Em 4 (13,0%) pacientes, a sonda de gastrostomia foi retirada antencionalmente por melhora da capacidade de deglutição. ConclusõesA gastrostomia endoscópica percutânea é procedimento de simples e rápida execução, seguro, sem necessitarde laparotomia, anestesia geral ou loco-regional, apresentando poucas complicações, baixa morbimortalidade,boa aceitabilidade estética e facilidade de manejo pelos familiares dos pacientes.

Objective To describe, analyze and evaluate the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy at the Endoscopic Department of the Hospital Governador Celso Ramos / Santa Catarina from October 2006 to August 2007. Materials and Methods 31 percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy were performedby pull technique, described in 1981 by Ponsky and Gauderer, using Olympus Evis Exera CLV 160 endoscope and Kimberly-Clark® and BARD System® Access percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy kits device. Antibiotic prophylaxis was administered in all patients. Results: 14 (45.2%) patients were men and 17 (54.8%) women.Mean age was 65.74 years old (16 to 94). Stroke was the most commom indication for the procedure, accounting for 17 (54.8%) patients. Average procedure length was 7 minutes and 3 seconds, ranging from 4 to 14 minutes. Immediate complications did not occurr.Local infection occurred in 1 (3.2%) patient, local infection plus fluids drainage in 1 (3.2%), bumper migration in 1 (3.2%) and unintentional withdrawal of the tube by the patient in 1 (3.2%). In 4 (13.0%) patients, gastrostomy tube was removed intentionally due to improvement ofswallowing. Conclusions: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is a simple,short and safe procedure, with no need of laparotomy, no general or regional anesthesia, presenting low complicationsrate, low morbi-mortality, better cosmesis and simple handling for the patient’s family.

Foreign body aspiration: utilizing flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy

To define the clinical spectrum of tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in adults, evaluate the efficacy of bronchoscopy, and determine outcome and complications at King Hussein Medical Center. Retrospective analysis of 33 consecutive clinical series from a referral-based medical center [King Hussein Medical Center] was conducted. Case records of 33 adult patients [over 14 years of age] suspected to have foreign body aspiration over the past eight years were analyzed. All had bronchoscopic evaluation. Clinical-radiological features, types and location of foreign body were studied. About 98% of patients had their foreign bodies identified and removed using Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy while rigid bronchoscopy was needed in only three [9%] cases. Of 33 consecutive patients, 25 patients [76%] were females and the majority was below 30 years of age. A total of 30 patients [91%] presented within the first 24 hours after foreign body inhalation. A radio-opaque foreign body was evident in chest X-rays of 85% of the patients. Pins used to fix head scarves constituted 64% of the foreign bodies removed. The rest included a piece of bone, food particles and seeds. A total of 29 patients [88%] were discharged on the same day of the procedure. Ttracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in adults can occur in various settings. High clinical suspicion is necessary for diagnosis. Removal of foreign bodies can usually be accomplished with fiberoptic bronchoscopy. In our series the most commonly removed foreign bodies were metallic pins